Salem Witch Trials Essay -- essays research papers

The Salem witch trials began with the accusation of people in Salem of being witches. But the concept of witchcraft started far out front these trials and false accusations occurred. In the early Christian centuries, the church was relatively tolerant of magical practices. Those who were proved to have engaged in witchcraft were required solitary(prenominal) to do penance. But in the late Middle Ages (13th century to 14th century) opposition to alleged witchcraft hardened as a result of the ontogeny belief that all magic and miracles that did not come unambiguously from God came from the Devil and were therefore manifestations of evil. Those who practiced simple sorcery, such(prenominal) as village smart women, were increasingly regarded as practitioners of diabolical witchcraft. They came to be viewed as individuals in league with Satan. Nearly all those who fell under suspicion of witchcraft were women, evidently regarded by witch-hunters as especiallyvulnerable to the Devils b landishments. A lurid provide of the activities of witches emerged in the popular mind, including covens, or gatherings everywhere which Satan presided pacts with the Devil transitory broomsticks and animal accomplices, or familiars. Although a few of these elements may represent leftovers of pre-Christian religion, the old religion probably did not persist in any organized operate beyond the 14th century. The popular image of witchcraft, perhaps inspired by features of occultism or ceremonial magic as easily as by immortal concerning the Devil and his works of darkness, was given shape by the inflamed imagination of inquisitors and was confirmed by statements obtained under torture. The late medieval and early modern picture of diabolical witchcraft can be attributed to several causes. First, the churchs experience with such dissident religious movements as the Albigenses and Cathari, who believed in a foot dualism of good and evil, led to the belief that certain people had allied themselves with Satan. As a result of confrontations with such heresy, the Inquisition was established by a series of papal decrees between 1227 and 1235. Pope Innocent IV authorized the use of torture in 1252, and Pope Alexander IV gave the Inquisition authority over all cases of sorcery involving heresy, although local courts carried out most actual prosecution of witches. At the same time, other developments created a climate in which alle... ...urse was accused as well, but found not guilty in the trial. Over 40 friends and neighbors testified in her favor, telling of her good faith and character. But the verdict from the jury caused such an outcry of fear, that the jury was asked to re-consider and she was then found guilty and hung. Mary Esty, Rebecca Nurses sister was also accused of being a witch, but she argued her case so well and in such a convincing manner, that the girls relented and she was found not guilty. She was released, a first in the witch-trials, but b efore long she was arrested once again on the claim that the girls had been haunted by her ghost. She was convicted and hung on September 22, 1692. Although all of the "witches" were hung, a certain man named Giles Cory was killed in a traditional English manner. He was pressed, public press was where they would place heavy stones on a person till they died. Cory died two days later, crushed. 25 lives were taken during these Salem trials. 19 "witches" were hung at Gallows hill. One was tortured to death by pressing. And five others died in prison, including an infant. The Salem witch trials were mainly caused by these two girls imagination.

Psycho, The Movie Essay -- essays research papers

Psycho (1960) Perhaps no other charge changed so drastically Hollywoods perception of the horror film as did psychotic person. More surprising is the fact that this still unnerving horror classic was directed by Alfred Hitchcock, a filmmaker who never relied upon shock values until this film. present Hitchcock indulged in nudity, bloodbaths, necrophilia, transvestism, schizophrenia, and a host of other taboos and got away with it, simply because he was Hitchcock. The great director clouded his intent and motives by reportedly stating that the entire film was nothing more than hotshot huge joke. No one laughed. Instead they cringed in their seats, waiting for the next assault on their senses. The violence and bloodletting of PSYCHO may look tame to those who have grown up on Jason and Freddy Krueger, but no one had ever seen anything like it in 1960. Inspired by the life of the demented, cannibalistic Wisconsin killer Ed Gein (whose heinous acts would also inspire THE TEXAS CHAINSA W MASSACRE, 1974 and DERANGED, 1974), PSYCHO is probably Hitchcocks most gruesome and dark film. Its importance to its musical style cannot be overestimated. PSYCHOs enduring influence comes not only from the Norman Bates character (who has since been reincarnated in a staggering variety of forms), but also from the psychological themes Hitchcock develops. Enhancing the carry on fright of this film are an excellent cast, from which the director coaxes extraordinary performances, and Bernard Herrmanns chilling score. Especially effective is the composers so-called "murder music," high-pitched screeching sounds that flash crossways the viewers consciousness as quickly as the killers deadly knife. Bernard Herrmann achieved this effect by having a group of violinists frantically saw the same notes over and over again. Hitchcock truly shocked Paramount when he demanded that he be allowed to film the sleazy, sensational novel that Robert Bloch based on the Gein killings. Bloch s subject matter and characters were a great pass from the sophisticated homicide and refined characters usually found in Hitchcocks films, but the filmmaker kept after the studios front office until the executives relented. He was told, however, that he would have to take in the film on an extremely limited budgetno more than $800,000. Surprisingly, Hitchcock accepted the budget restrictions and went a... ...ces, nor was it a great performance or their enjoyment of the novel. They were stimulated by pure film. Thats why I take pride in the fact that PSYCHO, more than any of my other pictures, is a film that belongs to filmmakers." This was no intelligence operation to Hitchcocks fans. In a 1947 press conference the great director laid out his philosophy of the mystery-horror genre "I am to provide the public with effective shocks. Civilization has become so protective that were no longer able to get our goose bumps instinctively. The only way to remove the numbness an d revive our moral equilibrium is to use artificial means to bring about the shock. The best way to achieve that, it seems to me, is through a movie." PSYCHO provided shocks heard around the introduction and became an instant smash, breaking all box-office records in its initial release. Hitchcock had a horselaugh on the Paramount executives who wanted no part of PSYCHO from the beginning. The film became one of Paramounts largest grossing pictures and it made Hitchcock not only a master of the modern horror film but also fabulously wealthy. He had outwitted everyonethe industry, the audience, and the critics.

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in Emerging Economies: Copyright Law and Enforcement in Pakistan :: Software Technology Protection Essays

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in Emerging Economies secure Law and Enforcement in Pakistan Introduction The United States and Pakistan have similar laws protecting software using copyright and patents despite being at very divergent stages of economic development. Pakistan has an emerging economy with a per capita GDP of $2000 per capita and a literacy rate of 46%.i The US has a more mature economy with per capita GDP of $37,600 and a 97% literacy rateii. Despite having similar laws regarding copyright and patent protection Pakistan has rampant piracy problems not seen in the US. It is estimated that 95% of digital media sold in Pakistan is piratediii. This whitethorn be in part due to the high cost of software relative to income compared to US where software piracy exists but is less rampant. This discrepancy raises the brain Is it ethical to apply the same rules to two countries regardless of economic condition and industry maturity and what is the global effect of having the same laws but enforcing them differently? solid groundTwo primary methods for protecting software throughout the world are patents and copyrightiv. Each provides a different measure of protection. The goal of each is to promote the sacramental manduction of new inventions and creative works while ensuring that the developer of the work is compensated. Copyright provides the copyright holder rights to the work for 75 years after creation or 50 beyond authors death whichever is shortest. It not only protects the actual syntax of the code from being copied but covers structure, sequence, and organization of the program. This is to prevent people from barely rewriting an application in another programming language. Copyright, as applied to more traditional written works such as books and songs provide for just use by others. Fair use means that others can use a small portion of a copyright defend work without leave for certain reasons such as education or crit ical commentary. The fair use clause is not really applicable to software because it is rare that a small portion of a computer program would be used in the situations covered by the fair use clause. This is an example of stretching an alert law to cover new technology. Patents protect software in a different way by giving the creator rights to the process performed by the protected program.

Compulsive Gambling and It’s Cost to the Economy :: essays research papers

Compulsive Gambling and Its Cost to the EconomyMore than 5 million Americans are pathological, compulsive and problem adventurers, and another 15 million are at risk of becoming just like them. A common definition of problem gambling is a progressive roughness characterized by a continuous or periodic loss of control over gambling and irrational thinking and behavior despite the consequences. When gambling interferes with all(prenominal) ones life, it can be categorize as an addiction or disease, just like alcohol and drug addiction is categorize as a disease. A study conducted for the National Gambling Impact Study Commission found that 20 million American get hold of or could break up gambling problems. Also they have estimated those 1.8 million American adults as well as up to 1.1 million American adolescents age 12 through 17 engage in severe pathological gambling each year. As legalize gambling has become more than common in the United States problems have sprung up as we ll. That negative influence is becoming more apparent as gambling is more widely available. It is becoming increasingly easy to gamble in the United States particularly in the last 10 years, and problems with gambling are some(prenominal) more common now than they ever were. Studies show that for every dollar gambling produces for a regional economy, three dollars are lost because of the economic and social cost of gambling. The study has also said that if the government legalizes more gambling, taxpayers will lose money, whether they gamble or not. The gambling industry believes it is just selling an innocent form of family entertainment, but they dont mention how much the players lose or how gambling encourages addictive behavior or the enormous costs it creates for the rest of society. It has been said that, gamblers with high counts of gambling symptoms will have higher rates of problem. There many consequences associated with compulsive, pathological and problem gamblers. Exa mples of such consequences include job and financial problems, divorce, poor health, and criminal involvement. These addictions are the lifeblood of the gambling industry, said an economist from the University of Illinois by name Earl Grinols.

The Incarcerated and Bare Life Essay -- The Birth of a Nation

Bare career refers to a kind of living, whereby, sensation does not interact with the society and enjoys only the biological life. One is inhibited to rights such as politics, social events, family sharing, religion, and conjugal rights. The bare life condition is basically characterized by subjecting an individual to sovereign power. Bare life pertains to incarceration. This is clearly depict by several(prenominal) narratives. These narratives do so by exhibiting characters that are faced with difficult situations. The narratives seem to be biased on the basis of race. This is evidenced by the fact that, nearly of the characters who are assigned these roles are portrayed as black people.In the narrative The Birth of a Nation Confederate Myth, it exhibits presence of slaves. The slaves are depicted as the people who are to work in the fields the whole day. The day working hours being from six in the first light to six in the evening. The slaves are seen to just enjoy a two hour break which was for feeding their bellies. The author further acknowledges that for the slaves, they faced numerous difficulties that nonexistence took note of them or showed a sign of concern (Wallace 91).Further depiction of bare life is illustrated by the narrative of Uncle Toms Cabin. In this narrative, one character who is Topsy, is depicted as a slave subjected to difficult lifestyle. She appears as a slave with uncombed hair, poorly dressed, and she is ever moving from place to place. respective(a) factors and processes that an individual is exposed to in life, lead him to incarceration. The narrative red as an example, the author talks of a story of three people. He clearly points break that, the three do not know their fate, but the kind of lives they will live will det... ...that, the incarcerated people are not necessarily criminals. Some breakthrough themselves there due to various situations that they are faced with in life. This varies from the time of growth and development of an individual point of view, to the interaction with the society or border environment. Also, the encounter has helped in the change of the perception that, the incarcerated should receive severe punishment of their acts.Since the incarcerated are exposed to bare life only while in prison, there is a need to have a look at the situation and help in creating systems that will enhance interaction between the bare life and other kinds of life for the incarcerated.Cited WorksSherwin, R, Nomos and Cinema, Hein Online 2000-2001Wallace, M, The Good Lynching and The Birth of a Nation Discourses and Aesthetics of Jim Crow, University of Texas Press 2003

The Incarcerated and Bare Life Essay -- The Birth of a Nation

Bare life refers to a kind of living, whereby, one does not interact with the society and enjoys only the biological life. One is inhibited to rights such as politics, social events, family sharing, religion, and conjugal rights. The bare life condition is basically characterized by subjecting an individual to sovereign power. Bare life pertains to incarceration. This is clearly depicted by several narratives. These narratives do so by exhibiting characters that are faced with difficult accompaniments. The narratives attend to be biased on the basis of race. This is evidenced by the fact that, most of the characters who are assigned these roles are portrayed as black people.In the narrative The Birth of a Nation Confederate Myth, it exhibits presence of slaves. The slaves are depicted as the people who are to work in the fields the hale day. The day working hours being from six in the morning to six in the evening. The slaves are seen to just enjoy a dickens hour break which was for feeding their bellies. The author further acknowledges that for the slaves, they faced numerous difficulties that nobody took note of them or showed a sign of concern (Wallace 91).Further mental picture of bare life is illustrated by the narrative of Uncle Toms Cabin. In this narrative, one character who is Topsy, is depicted as a slave subjected to difficult lifestyle. She appears as a slave with uncombed hair, poorly dressed, and she is ever moving from place to place.Various factors and processes that an individual is exposed to in life, lead him to incarceration. The narrative red as an example, the author talks of a story of three people. He clearly points out that, the three do not know their fate, but the kind of lives they entrust live will det... ...that, the incarcerated people are not necessarily criminals. Some find themselves there due to various situations that they are faced with in life. This varies from the prison term of growth and development of an indivi dual point of view, to the interaction with the society or surrounding environment. Also, the encounter has helped in the change of the perception that, the incarcerated should receive severe penalty of their acts.Since the incarcerated are exposed to bare life only while in prison, there is a need to have a look at the situation and help in creating systems that will enhance interaction between the bare life and other kinds of life for the incarcerated.Cited WorksSherwin, R, Nomos and Cinema, Hein Online 2000-2001Wallace, M, The Good Lynching and The Birth of a Nation Discourses and Aesthetics of Jim Crow, University of Texas Press 2003

Essay: the Promise of the Sociological Imagination

JaypeeII AB Sociology 10-10-11 Socio 212MWF / 130pm 230pm The Promise of the sociological Imagination (By C. Wright mill approximately) Charles Wright mill around (1916-1962) was an American sociologist, and a mettley commentator and critic. He was born on August 28, 1916 in Waco, Texas. Mills has been described as a volcanic eminence in the academic gentleman and as one of the most controversial figures in American kindly science. He is committed to favorable change and angered by the oppressiveness he saw around him. He was anti-authoritarian, showy and an item-by-itemistic.I figured out that, he got married three times by different women (Dorothy Helen Smith, ruth Harper and Yaroslava Surmach) and had two daughters (Pamela and Kathryn) and one son (Nikolas Charles). Mills died on March 20, 1962 cause of major heart attack. One of the most influential works of Mills (that he coined) was the Sociological Imagination (1959), in which he set out his views on how social s cience should be practiced. Sociological Imagination plays an important affair in explaining the nature of sociology and its relevance in daily life.He defined it as, the vivid aw atomic number 18ness of the relationship surrounded by experience and the wider cabaret. In addition, he believed in the power of the Sociological Imagination to connect personal troubles to public issues is the ability to see things socially, and how they interact and influence each other. Therefrom, to have a Sociological imagination, a person must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of view. It requires thinking ourselves away from our daily routines, and hence looking at them over.C. Wright Mills pointed out three components that form the Sociological Imagination (1) History how a society came to be, how it is changing, and how muniment is being made in it. (2) Biography the nature of human nature in a society what kind of people inhabits a particular soc iety. (3) Social Structure how the various institutional orders in a society operate, which ones are dominant, how are they held together, how they might be changing, etc. (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/C. _Wright_Mills). The Promise of Sociology details how C.Wright Mills notion compels us to investigate into an individuals biography and lifestyles, and place their findings within the surrounding circumstances in which events occur in order to perceive the whole picture of the society in which the individual survives. According to him, what occurs in any individuals life is interrelated with society as a whole. Mills mentioned that, presently individuals, men and women a great deal feel that their private lives are series of traps in which they sense that they cannot surpass these traps (troubles) within their everyday lives.Hence, what people are aware of and what they try to do are usually, confined by their private cycle by which they live and because of their visions of powe rs were limited to different things or stem they move imaginably and remain as an observer to their surroundings. The more(prenominal) they are aware of those things (within their environment), the more they seem to feel being deceived. He stated that facts of contemporary history are also facts about the success and the calamity of individual men and women. Since, when a society is industrialized, a peasant operates a worker a feudal lord is placed or becomes a businessperson.Moreover, when classes grow or fall, a man is employed or unemployed when the rate of investment goes up or down, a man takes a new heart or goes broke these few cases are facts that usually happen in present days. Until now, individuals usually do not determine the troubles they suffer in footing of historical change and institutional conflict. Like Emile Durkheim, as stated to his study regarding the historical transformation from mechanical to organic solidarity what causes the change or transforma tion between them was the increase in dynamic density of the society.Because of a sudden transformation in every period, people had the difficulty to know or recognize dark changes due to historical facts that are now immediately becoming merely history a history that now affects every man is world history because of its highly specialized. Mills also emphasized that, everywhere in the underdeveloped world, ancient ways of life are broken up and vague expectations become urgent demands. Everywhere in the overdeveloped world, the means of authority and of violence become total in scope and bureaucratic in form like what Durkheim discussed about the LAW (the concept of his theory).This can be interrelated to the Restitutive Law, a characteristic of organic solidarity where individuals in this more modern type of society were asked to comply with the law. Thus, Mills explained that it is not only information and skills of reason that the commonality want, since information frequen tly controls their attention and devastate their capacities to witness it. Like Georg Simmels theory, The Tragedy of Culture. Where in it, he argued that people are doomed to increasingly less understanding of the world they have created and are destined to be increasingly controlled by that world.Then what they need is the quality of mind that will help them to use information and to develop reason in order to achieve understandable summary of what is going on in the world and of what may be happening within them. Thus, Mills believed that knowledge, when properly used, could bring about change and the good society. Furthermore, he added that, if the good society was not yet here, it was primarily the fault of intellectuals people of knowledge. Mills said, to understand this Imagination would be to see the joining between personal troubles and public issues.Where individualized Troubles are problems that are felt personally, which are caused by occurrences or feelings in an ind ividuals life and Public Issues are issues that affect a group or mass of people with their roots associated within an organization or institution and history of a society. A person can become unsettled for many reasons a family member throws them out of their home because they do not contribute financially, or they become incapable of caring for themselves due to mental illness, or they become addicted to drugs and lose their home trying to support their habit.These are a few examples of personal troubles which most would think are brought about by the individual alone and therefore can be solved by them. However, when using Sociological Imagination, one can see that homelessness is also a social problem. Therefore, Charles Wright Mills made a significant contribution in, his integration of American pragmatism and European sociology which lead to innovative work in the sociology of knowledge he completed a substantial range of studies in what was a short working life and lastly, h e provided a considerable and lasting intellectual stimulus to others.Sociological Imagination then, enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society that is its task and its PROMISE and this is the purpose of perfect social analysts. Sociological Imagination is becoming the major common denominator of our cultural life and its signal feature (this quality of mind is found in the social and psychological sciences). It is not merely a fashion, it is a quality of mind that seem most dramatically to PROMISE an understanding of the intimate realities of ourselves in connection with larger social realities.It is not merely one quality of mind among the contemporary range of cultural sensibilities it is the quality whose wider and more skilled use offers the previse that all such sensibilities and in fact, human reason itself will come to play a greater role in human affairs. In addition, you cannot understand the life of an individual or the history of society without the understanding personal troubles and public issues of the commonality.

Use of Images in Understanding of Documents in Cross-Language Information Retrieval

The introduction of the research paper clearly gives the solution for Cross-Language culture Retrieval and that being used for image in understanding foreign quarrels.The author goes on to say that a document can be stand for exploitation series of images that has been drawn from significant terms in the document itself and therefore, because of this the document can be understood quiet simply as a whole or partly.The research clearly gives the introduction to CLIR. The researcher says that if the above mentioned technique works then there would be no requirement for, displacement as these images can be used for multi-lingual facsimile.Reduced dependency on lexicons. No need for maintenance. No need for human translation. No need for computer establish translation.The technique would use images that atomic number 18 available on the internet. The researcher then tries to derive sub-sets of images of languages. The aim of the paper is to see how images can be used in document u nderstanding, so that all the above advantages can be benefited from. The paper is a generalised research looking into the following atomic number 18asWhether search terms and images are similar in meaning. Theory development what the subject understand from the images. Images for language sub-sets. Research into the uses involved. Research into the search categories of words and images returned.Research ContextThe research context takes the reader with the entire cycle of CLIR, how the research started and how it has evolved over the period of time. CLIR itself is described, defined and explained in different ways so that the reader can understand the depth of it.Documents are available in different languages and that requires the computer user to have at least a minimum understanding of the language to comprehend it. Document representation has non been that effective keeping in mind documents that far technical or that needs a higher level of understanding. CLIR is used inA mu lti-language search using only one query language. Searchers understand the document but are not efficient enough to query in the same language.A person who does not understand English can retrieve documents in English by a query in their own language or a language they understand. All the above points are reflected in research done by Grefenstette (1998a), Oard (2001), Sanderson and Clough (2002), Pirkola et al (2001), Scott McCarley and Roukos (1998).According to Rosch et al (1976) object categorisation is done with reference to a primary level categorisation. The basic requirement for CLIR is the World Wide Web (Scott McCarley and Roukos (1998), Ballesteros and Croft (1998a) and Grefenstette (1998a)) and available on-line documentations.Some of the approaches of CLIR are Document Translation, Query Translation (Dorr (1996), Resnik (1997), Hull (1998) and Fluhr et al (1998), Ballesteros and Croft (1998a)), analogue Corpora (Scott McCarley and Roukos (1998)), Latent Semantic Index ing (Dumais et als (1996)). The researcher has very effectively explained the different approaches to the CLIR explaining the methods adopted from the very beginning.The advantages and the disadvantages are clearly explained using references to Oard (1998), Scott McCarley and Roukos (1999). The exorbitance of pages (Google (2003)) makes indexing of documents in foreign languages very difficult to translate. CLIR with images stated off with Sanderson and Clough (2002) research requires no form of gisting to judge the accuracy of the returned item because a coefficient of correlation is got between the retrieved image and the searched text.The only area that the researcher does not explain is the kind of difference in subject, styles and types of recovery. So it is vague in understanding the viable errors or misinterpretation that can arise if these points are taken into account.Machine translation types (Hutchins and Somers (1992) and Somers (2003)) have been explained direct, tra nsfer and interlingua along with the limitations (Leech et al (1989)) have also been explained. Limitations being in the area of speed ((Somers 2003) and (www.speechtechnology.com (2003)), ambiguity (OGrady et al (1996270), (Hutchins and Somers (1992)).Context and Real World Knowledge (Somers (2003)), Problems with Lexicons (Reeder and Loehr (1998)), Not Translated words (Reeder and Loehr (1998)), Unknown Proper Nouns (Ballesteros and Croft (1998a)), Compound Words (Hutchins and Somers (1992), Sheridan and Ballerini (1998)), New Words ((OGrady (1997)), Document Context (Somers (2003)), Minority Languages (Somers (2003)), Babelfish (Hutchins and Somers (1992)) and Sub Languages (Somers (2003)) are all well explained with examples.

How you can enjoy your vacation on your budget Essay

From time to time people similar to take pass and honor their time in quiet and composed places. Then they start to plan to their vacation by choosing the season, place and collecting the information about it. In addition, to the cost of that vacation, the work out is a very all-important(a) issue to decide the possible destination. Every one looks to the dream vacation but we realize to adapt it to our budget. The people with a low budget construct limited choices or ability to enjoy their vacation in their countries. On the other hand the people with a high budget can check variety of places. The vacation will be affected directly by type of budget low budget, medium budget, and high budget.The first group includes those who fool low budgets and would like to spend their vacation in Amazing places but they face the fact that their budget does not allow them to go there. Nevertheless, they can enjoy in their time flat they have a low budget. The people who live in Toronto with a low budget cannot travel to Mexico, or even some states in the US, but they can enjoy a lot of places in Ontario, other provinces, visit new places in Canada and match their activities to their budget like camping, fishing or any other activities. Also we can spend our days tackyly. Walk around a lot, and visit free or cheap attractions. Use shuttle buses or other cheap public transport. We can learn a lot about a place without spending a lot of money.The next group, those who have a medium budget can go little bit further like US and confederation America. We have to look at all details, like the airf atomic number 18 and hotel allowances and choose the best options that you can take that would still allow you to get to your destination. We can research for good accommodation deals online and get lists of all the hostels, motels, and hotels in the place that we have selected to visit. We have to remember that the accommodations do not necessarily need to be expensive as we are just looking for a place to sleep and save money to spend on our self like restaurants, attractions, and all other things. Medium budget give us more choices and variety to enjoy in our vacation.The last group includes those who have high budgets which can travel a long withdrawnness and have the ability to visit different cities orcountries and spend a lot of money. They can enjoy a trip in a revered and elegant way by spending quite a handsome amount of money to rest in a great hotel, to have an pocket meal and to enjoy top- class service. Some people like to have sumptuousness and visit some countries like France and Italy and enjoy in all luxury services. They can stay in a five star hotel like Hotel De Crillon in Paris. In addition, they visit the most famous places like the Louvre museum and the Eiffel tower. The vacation with a high budget gives you the ability to do a wide variety of things.To concludes we have to enjoy in our vacation by planning the position pl ace which will match Our budget. We spend our vacation in our country like Canada, travel little bit further like United States and South America, or travel to long distance places like Italy and France. We have to plan Very well and enjoy our time without thinking about luxury places if we are not able to visit that place. There is no reason to prevent us from having fun in our vacation whatever our budget is, low, medium, or high.

Rough Draft: Skin Cancer

Summer vacation is on its way, whats the first think you all think about when you atomic number 18 on summer vacation, dishwashing suit, beach, tanning, and hanging out with friends? I certainly hope not. The first thing everyone in this room should be thinking about is where is the sunscreen. Have you ever applaud what exactly causes skin cancer? Many stack suffer from skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in American. active half of the people here in this room will eventually get it if you dont take precautions.Many people these days are not taking skin cancer seriously after knowing its significance. Skin cancer has been a growing problem in the Unites States and many people have suffered from it every year. Their three common types of skin cancer Bascal cell carcinoma, Squamos cell carcinoma, and Melanoma. Skin cancer is a deadly disease with many causes, just the advantage is that it can be prevented. What is skin cancer and what causes skin cancer? S kin cancer is the most common type of cancer.Skin cancer is the irregular growth of skin cell most often develops on skin expose to sun. However, this common form of cancer can also occur in other parts of your body not necessary exposed to sunlight. Your skin is obviously essential to your life. It protects against heat, light, injury and infection. It also regulates your body temperature, and stores water, fat, and vitamin. There are some(prenominal) different types of skin cancer, but the most common one are melanoma and non melanoma.Non melanoma includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Basal and Squamous are some(prenominal) classified as non-melanomas. They usually start in the basal cell or equamous cells, which is how they get their names. These cells are found at the base of the outer seam of the skin. Most non-melanoma skin cancers develop on sun-exposed areas of the body like the face, ear, neck, lips, and back. Basal cell or squamous cell cancers ar e highly likely to be cured if found and treated early. what is melanoma skin cancer? A. what is melanoma skin cancer?

A Non-Bourgeois Analysis of Tout Va Bien

Jose Alvarez English 2 David Lau A Non-Bourgeois Analysis of Tout Va Bien In the twenty-first century modern flicktic film industry an audience is enabled to experience a wide array of films beholding an eminently developed Hollywood perspective. Hollywood blockbusters assuredly dominate the United States film industry for various reasons. The general population absorbing modern Hollywood movies may manage to argue that the super advanced state of the art techniques that blockbuster films utilize in order to enhance and flourish their big screen cinemas are the ideal justifications of their success.Such film techniques good deal vary widely from exquisite execution of state of the art animation, proficient synchronization of movie scores and advanced character augmentation just to name a few. These Hollywood methods tend to be harmonized collectively and conglomeratized for the constantly recycled concept of progressive plot development. Although many filmmakers have effectively exploited similar progressive concepts for years, it has also inspired other filmmakers to create inverted juxtapositional styled films.The collaborative film Tout Va Bien by the Dziga Vertov Group which consists of Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Pierre Gorin is an exemplification of such a counter Hollywood style film. Brian Henderson a film critic and writer of Towards a Non-Bourgeois Camera Style, characterized Godards approach on certain films as non-bourgeois for various reasons. Hendersons inwrought point was concerned with Godards television camera style, yet there is also other demonstrations of Godards non-bourgeois approach to filmmaking.Additional elements outside of camera style range from semipolitical topics, adoption of Brectian mechanisms and the use of other deviant artistic filmmaking devices. When considering Hendersons term non-bourgeois, its primary and essential definition is when filmmakers develop anti-illusionary and authentically realistic films. Godards film s from 1967 onward had this anti-illusionary perspective because of multiple reasons. The first reason to consider in regards to Godards non-bourgeois approach stemmed from student protests that broke out in France during the May of 1968. harmonise to CollinMacCabe, writer of Postscript to May 1968 French students occupied the administrative offices of the University of the Sorbonne in protest against planned g overnment reforms of the university (MacCabe 19. ) This modest student protest progressively gained plump for and cooperation from hundreds of thousands of workers. It in the end turned into a massive revolt that brought the French economy to a temporary halt and almost collapsed Frances government of the time. The repercussions of these events had a powerful impact on Godard since it conveyed his proceeding films to become more political.Godard not only politicized his work by subject matter but more dominantly by the aesthetic process of creating a film politically. G odard utilized various aesthetic strategies to express his political intentions. One specific approach that embodied the non-bourgeois political aspect in Tout Va Bien was the camera style. Henderson described this camera style as a slow tracking shot that moves purely laterally-usually in one directionover a dead reckoning that does not itself move, or strictly speaking, that does not move in any relation to the cameras movement. According to Henderson this unique camera style enhances an anti-illusionary perspective due to its flatness and avoidance of depth. Two big scenes from Tout Va Bien that make use of this aesthetic approach are the final supermarket scene and the Barbie house styled factory set during the strike. A secondary non-bourgeois political device that Godard and Gorin utilized in Tout Va Bien was Brecthian distanciation. This method which was adopted from Bertolt Brecth is when actors actively express and fight back themselves as actors, therefore estranging and distancing the audience.The purpose of this device intends to ruin illusion and inform the audience that the movie is an aesthetic work of art and not a real life situation. Another utilized device similar to Brechtian distanciation was the conceptual approach of breaking the fourth wall. This concept, which was also adopted from Brecht, is the acknowledgement and interaction betwixt the actors and the audience in order to raise awareness of fiction. One major way that Tout Va Bien broke the fourth wall was by having actors look and rag straight into the camera.The scenes that utilized this concept exceedingly well where the ones which showcased one-sided interviews such as the ones with Jacques the filmmaker, the magnetic north representative, the Salumi factory boss and a female worker. A three aspect that made Tout Va Bien a non-bourgeois style film was its editing style. Godard and Gorin progressed their scenes strangely and often left the viewer open-ended towards the ulti mate meaning. It seems that they intended to speck their audience vaguely by placing subtle hints of the films direction and leaving it open for the audience to interpret.The editing of the scenes really demanded activation from the audience since they usually had clever inadequate inferences towards the filmmakers aesthetic intentions. One scene that really presented this unconventional editing style was when the boss needed to urinate. Due to factory workers blocking access to restrooms, the boss eventually broke a windowpane inside of his own office in order to urinate out of it. A few scenes later however, the same window in the bosss office is no longer broken.An earlier scene that also displayed this grotesque editing style had the camera locked on Susan while a conversation between Jacques and the boss was being heard. Susan eventually joined the conversation auditorially but you could not visually see her mouth moving with the pronunciation of the words. Lastly, of the r easons that Tout Va Bien is considered to be non-bourgeois is the political subject matter. Many classical Hollywood films hardly touch on political content but Tout Va Biens central plot revolved around the concept of class manage.Conversations of class struggle were established throughout the film from various political perspectives ranging from that of the workers, the boss and the union representative. From the workers perspective many of them politicized about the negative aspects of their job, such as exhaustion, injuries and bad wages. In the bosss perspective his political argument criticized that class struggle had become irrelevant and that Marxist philosophies where long gone. In the final political perspective, the union representative stated his agreement with the workers opinions but disapproved of their approach in commencement the wildcat strike.Analyzing Tout Va Bien from a non-bourgeois perspective, it was undoubtedly created in antagonism of Hollywood cinema. Ma ny of the ways the film was directed and edited embraced deviance from what classical Hollywood films would consider norms. Everything from using political topics to presenting some of the film in non-chronological order contributed to the non-bourgeois perspective. This approach is quite possibly a conscious critique towards classical cinema since it juxtaposes Hollywood culture and exposes its artificiality.It emphasizes self-reflexive interpretation to draw out activation from its audience and promotes didacticism, which often lacks in Hollywood films. Tout Va Bien is fundamentally embedded with political arguments against Hollywood cinema, capitalism and class structure. It may very well be that the film was ultimately created to inform and stimulate activism. Works Cited Henderson, Brian, Towards a Non-Bourgeois Camera Style. Film system and Criticism MacCabe, Colin, Postscript to May 1968. English 2 Reader Spring 2012 19-22.

Plot Summary: The Nine Guardians

The Nine Guardians ?Nine Guardians? takes places in the State of Chiapas, in Mexico, where from the remains of the Mexi back end revolution came the organisation of Lazaro Cardenas. His presidency takes places between 1934 and 1940, during the time this novel takes place. Cardenas expropriated foreign-held properties, distributed land to small frys, and instituted reforms to benefit natal people and Mexican workers. Cardenas found it unfair for the Indians to not be treated as constitutes, so he de patchded rights for Indians. Land holdings were say-so conduct by a ruling elite.The Indians were encouraged to rise against the landowners and demand their rights. They have the law on their side and they start to realize they wear down? t deserve to be treated as slaves. With the help of others, Cardenas breaks up large estates and forces families off of the lands. The novel is written from the point of view of the author, Rosario Castellanos. However, a seven year old little gir l is the narrator by dint of most of ? The Nine Guardians?. She takes us through the book by introducing the people surrounding her deportment and her family? s life.The seven year old girl is the daughter of a wealthy landowner, Cesar Arguello. Since the Arguellos are wealthy, the girl is not increase by her parents, but mostly by an Indian servant, she calls Nana. Nana has nurtured and cared for the girl and her diminutive pal, Mario, since birth. Nana is an Indian that lives with this elite, controlling, possessive, landowning family. Despite the fact that she is treated as a slave, Nana loves the Arguellos. Nana becomes a big influence on the little girl, on with her parents, and the retaliation of the landowners and the Indians against one another.The girl and her brother go out become innocent victims mostly because of her father, who will try desperately to hold on to their land for Mario? s future. Some of the damage done cannot be fixed and will remain permanent. It is a tragedy of money, power, and phallic supremacy. The situations that occur will leave a significant impact on how she thinks and feels. From beginning to end, the seven year old girl? s perspective of the Indians will change dramatically. In the beginning, the girl is ignorant to the view of be an Indian. She doesn? t want to k nowadays their history and how they stand in their society.Read alsoSummary Love Is Never SilentShe speaks of how young she is and wants no take up of what is going on. She loves her Nana but doesn? t think she knows what she is talking roughly. The thought that she could have been an Indian threatens her. She wants to be idle, absent-minded, and not alert of her surroundings. Perhaps, she wishes this for Nana also. The Indians frighten her and she is ignorant of their part in society. In this novel, when bad things happen, some of the characters are superstitious and believe they accept for their mistakes through curses given by the sorcerers, e specially the Indians.She starts to understand her Nana when she sees her wounded knees done by a curse that has followed her from her home, Chactajal. ?It? s withches? doings that? s afoot, child. They gobble everything up-the crops, peace in the family, people? s health.? Since Nana grew up in the Arguellos house and loved the family she lived with, she was being punished. The Indians could not understand how she could love those that give orders and have possessions, it was against their beliefs.The girl is angry at first at the Indians and begins to understand the sacrifices and hardships her Nana must have and is going through to be apart of the Arguellos family. From this experience, she starts to see who her father is and becomes disgusted with him because he is one that gives orders and own things. She starts to put a lot of faith in her Nana and believes the things she tells her. She becomes more aware that this time in her life is not going to be a time for fun. She also b egins to develop to look with lowered eyes when humility looks at bigness, like the Indians do out of respect for the Nine Guardians.From what I understand, the Indians believe that there are nine protectors of the earth that watch everywhere all and control everything. The girl learns things from her Nana and learns to think differently about her parents. She witnesses an Indian killed because her father trusted him. It makes her sad and fearful of the power that her father possesses. She is seeing her parents differently. As a child, your parents are the world and they can do no harm. As a child, you think your parents are all-knowing. There comes a point where a child starts to grow up and sometimes perhaps their parents are not who the child thought they were.The girl begins to grow up a little and realizes she is now seeing her parents otherwise, almost with a new set of eyes. Her father is completely self-absorbed, except for the fact that he wants to save his land for his s on? s inheritance. He thinks of himself as all mighty. He doesn? t think the Indians are worth schooling when the law demands it be done. Her father thinks the Indians could never learn Spanish and are not worth the pay of a master to educate them. Cesar has a sense of self-importance and cares only that his ? commands have power and his scolding inspire fear.?He despises the government and believes Cardenas is inciting Indians against their masters and handing them over the rights that they can? t use and don? t deserve. ?He (Cardenas) doesn? t know them he? s never been near them and found out how they stink of filth and drink. He? s never done them a favour and been rewarded with their laziness. And they? re so hypocritical, so underhand, so deceitful? He sees the Indians as little children. ?Cesar was incapable of speaking to people he didn? t consider his equals.? The story moves from Comitran to Chactajal where her father? s ranch is located.Her father needs to supervise the grinding and branding of his crops done by the Indians. At the Arguello ranch, there are many families of Indians taking care of his land, the Indians that he pays little money too, along with no respect. The family goes to Chactajal without Nana because she is afraid of the witches? curses. On their way, the girl starts to learn about death, how easy it is to die when her cousin shots a deer to kill it. Her and her brother Mario are surprised at how easy life can be taken away. The feud that explodes against the Arguellos leaves everlasting effects on the children.The girl has seen her Nana? s status in society, she has seen the effect of Nana? s love towards her family, she can no longer go to school because it was ordered to be shut down. she has seen a man killed from trusting her father, Their land is set to fire and the threat that they will die in the fire, her illegitimate cousin is killed in rebellion towards her father, she sees her aunt go crazy, and she believes in the power of sorcery. She misses her Nana and her wisdom on life. She is ultimately going to learn the about male supremacy and the effects it has on society.Her brother, Mario, is the pride of the Arguellos family. The Indians curse the boy to death because of the endless fight her father has for power and wealth. The two things that exit to Cesar the most. ?For the Indian is helpless to do better if the white man? s will is not behind him. The Indians are starting to realize they are equal to white men. They lose all respect for the landowners and fight back just as bad as the Arguellos fought to keep them as slaves. They are aware now that they own the ranch and are not obliged to work for anyone because now Cardenas has more power than all the landowners.Perhaps, it would have all been better if Cesar Arguellos realized that male supremacy should not control all of society. Cesar Arguello humiliated his wife, did not treat her as an equal, although she put up with him. He also put his children in hazard for having them around in the time of trouble. He didn? t realize what he thought and did was not the way the world was supposed to work. He was one man who believed he had a want to control and posses all the power and the wealth he could manage to get a hold of. His arrogant pride led his family to separation.Her mother, Zoraida, was responsible for her life and her childrens? lives, although she allowed herself to do as Cesar demanded. Her mother demands that Nana leaves because Nana informed Zoraida about the curse put onto Mario? s life. The only reason the Arguello family managed to stay together was because of their dear(p) Mario. If Mario was to die, not only does she lose her son, but possibly her husband that she cannot communicate with. She fires Nana and leaves her daughter scared and enlightened even more about the people she loves and respects.The girl has lost her Nana, her brother dies because of the curse put on his life, she has lost all re spect for her mother and father. She only wants to be with Nana since she is the only one that loves and cares about her. Her brother is brain dead and she feels guilty because she thinks she could have stopped it from happening. Perhaps, she punished her mother for not caring about her. Her mother only cared and loved Mario. Without Mario, her mother felt she was no longer worthwhile. The girl finally realizes who her parents are and realizes that her Nana, despite being an Indian, is the one who cares about her.She looks for forgiveness from her dead brother because she realizes that it was not his fault she was a womanly without love and respect from her parents. She realized that if her father just accepted that the time for male supremacy was to end, then the events that took place may never have had happened. Rosario Castellanos From Wikipedia, the dethaw encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search Rosario Castellanos Tombstone of Rosario Castellanos Born May 25, 1925Mexico Cit y, Mexico Died August 7, 1974 (aged49) Tel Aviv, Israel Occupation Poet and authorRosario Castellanos (25 May 1925 7 August 1974) was a Mexican poet and author. along with the other members of the Generation of 1950 (the poets who wrote following the Second World War, influenced by Cesar Vallejo and others), she was one of Mexicos most important literary voices in the last century. Throughout her life, she wrote eloquently about issues of cultural and gender oppression, and her work has influenced feminist theory and cultural studies. Though she died young, she opened the door of Mexican literature to women, and left a legacy that console resonates today.Contents * 1 Life * 2 Work * 3 Selected bibliography * 4 English translations * 5 Additional reading * 6 Notes Life Born in Mexico City, she was raised in Comitan near her familys ranch in the southern state of Chiapas. She was an introverted young girl, who took notice of the plight of the indigenous Maya who worked for her famil y. According to her own account, she felt move out from her family after a soothsayer predicted that one of her mothers two children would die shortly, and her mother screamed out, Not the boy The familys fortunes changed suddenly when President Lazaro Cardenas enacted a land reform and peasant emancipation policy that stripped the family of much of its land holdings. At fifteen, Castellanos and her parents moved to Mexico City. One year later, her parents were dead and she was left to fend for herself. Although she remained introverted, she joined a throng of Mexican and Central American intellectuals, read extensively, and began to write. She studied philosophy and literature at UNAM (the National Autonomous University of Mexico), where she would later teach, and joined the NationalIndigenous Institute, writing scripts for puppet shows that were represent in impoverished regions to promote literacy. Ironically, the Institute had been founded by President Cardenas, who had taken away her familys land. She also wrote a weekly column for the newspaper Excelsior. In rise to power to her literary work, Castellanos held several government posts. In recognition for her contribution to Mexican literature, Castellanos was appointed ambassador to Israel in 1971. On 7 August 1974 Castellanos died in Tel Aviv from an abject electrical accident.Some have speculated that the accident was in fact suicide. Mexican writer Martha Cerda, for example, wrote to journalist Lucina Kathmann, I believe she committed suicide, though she already felt she was dead for some time. . 1 There is no evidence to support such a claim, however. Work Throughout her career, Castellanos wrote poetry, essays, one major play, and three novels the semi-autobiographical Balun Canan and Oficio de tinieblas (translated into English as The concord of Lamentations) depicting a Tzotzil indigenous uprising in Chiapas based on one that had occurred in the 19th century.Despite being a ladino of mestiz o, not indigenous descent Castellanos shows considerable concern and understanding for the plight of indigenous peoples. Cartas a Ricardo, a collection of her letters to her husband Ricardo Guerra was published after her death as was her third novel,Rito de iniciacion. Rosario Castellanos said of the collection of her letters in Cartas a Ricardothat she considered them to be her autobiography. Rito de iniciacion is about a young woman who comes to Mexico City and discovers her vocation of a writer.

Integrative Paper on The Family Crucible’s Brice Family Essay

The origin of family therapy can be traced back to a period in the mid-1900s when focus shifted from individual psycho epitome towards the correlation of psychological problems and family coordinate and relationships. It began when the psychoanalytical setting became insufficient to address some cases where the involvement of other sections of the family was a greatly influential factor.It has long been established that humans as social beings are greatly affected by these interpersonal relationships. For instance a meaning(a) amount of visits to psychotherapists are due to marriage and family problems. When mental illnesses are present with no biological of such, it is also the family that is first assessed. Freudian theories focus very a great deal on familial relationships as well. All of these developments offered new suggestions for therapy (Long, 1996).One technique that arose, for example was the conjoint family therapy. Here, sessions are videotaped or observed behind on e delegacy screens. Another was holding meetings with other families, called multiple family groups. Eventually, these gave birth to family therapy, which is now only about forty years old. The family, as a persons flying environment, was therefore presented as the most basic social unit. Since each one has its own set of values, rules and principles, we can analyze the role and interactions within the family, and use this analysis in a broader context- the community.Underneath the light and conversational tone that Napier and Whitaker (1988) use in their book, The Family Crucible, are fundamental concepts and glide pathes that can be helpful in reason family therapy. It narrates the story of how the Brice familys conflicts were resolved by encouraging interaction among all five members and solving issues in the parents marriage.The Brice family is composed of David, the father who is a VIP lawyer, Carolyn, an baseless mother, their teenage daughter Claudia, and their both oth er children, Laura and take. The story was also able to present the way some problems may dynamically affect each member of the family- a misunderstanding or imbalance of family roles, for example, or excessive child focus that may lead to a couples unhappiness. Among other concepts presented besides are blaming, family life cycle stages, polarization and reciprocity.For some time, the idea that Whitakers charismatic personality, and not really his theory, seemed accurate in the solving of the family problem. Without a lump education or training in therapy, Whitaker started developing his theories as he began a research on how to treat schizophrenia using aggressive playact therapy, after which he invested in developing other methods that could be applied in cases other than schizophrenia.For example, he used a form of pyknolepsy, where he would dreaming about himself and his patient during a session. This would show what their relationship was wish and would be used as part o f the therapy (Whitaker, 1981). He also said that in using a technique, a therapist also develops himself, with the patient as a conciliator.However, some of the points in the book can definitely suggest otherwise. For example, spontaneity in the family was seen as a sign of trust and good communication lines, an element that family therapy aims to measure. Where there is a free exchange of ideas, it becomes easier for members to bring up and solve issues, which, if brush under the rug, can only pile up and become a cause of angst.In another book by Whitaker (1981), he emphasizes how normal families should not add up to each others stress. Another characteristic of a family in good shape is a certain freedom or flexibility in roles whenever certain changes occur. A members role should not be one that is strictly defined, but rather one that results from the conditions that the family is in, including their values, market-gardening and needs, which can change at a given time.I perso nally saw their insistence that all members of the Brice family be present during the therapy as impressive. When Carolyn, the mother, started showing signs of animosity about their son Dons tardiness, she wanted to begin the therapy without him already. However, the therapists saw the need to treat the family as a all told, especially since their demand to have the whole family in is the start of their battle for structure (p. 204).Family therapy has developed is a clinical methodology that revolves around the hypothesis that psychological distress can be assessed by means of the observation of human relations. It also capitalizes on the assumption that every member of the system affects or influences each other and the system. And while other cases may read individual therapy based on the individuality of the patient, some cases need to involve the whole family when the nature of the issue is much connected with it. Even though Carolyn insists that . . . Don isnt the problem. The problem has to do with Claudia (p. 6) or Claudia identifies herself as it, the fact remains that as a family, Claudia affects her siblings and parents, just as much as she affects them.Furthermore, the purpose of family therapy, care all other forms of therapy, is to create a therapeutic experience, and that experience will not be felt as a family if one is absent. The therapists constantly created activities like playing for the children in order to create such an experience and to later on suggest and have improvement. Later on, even the grandparents become involved in the therapy. They were asked to come as consultants during sessions, especially since they have know the Brice family better and can help in observing or assessing them.I believe that the intervening approach used by Napier and Whitaker proved to be appropriate for the Brice family. The way confusion, awkwardness and silence were utilized to unbalance the family was also impressive. When the question When did y ou divorce your husband and attach the children? was straightforwardly asked to Carolyn, Whitaker also displayed a sense of professionalism in the sense that he put the method of using Carolyns unbalance over the want to be liked by the client.Perhaps this emphasizes that during therapy, the therapists self-development and maturity is essential as well. Observable too is the movement of the therapy from one stage to another, where the need for structure was identified and addressed during the first one, role playing and interaction were done during the second one to improve relationships especially that of the parents, and finally, the therapists saw the family functioning independently as one unit.However, it is also important to note that while these techniques were effective for the Brice family, they may not have the same results on other families. For example, the technique of unbalancing the family, though seen as an unnecessary stressor, is a risky step to take. If the purpo se of such straightforwardness is not seen by the client, or if the dislike towards therapist grows to deter the progress of the session, friendless consequences could arise. A thorough initial assessment of the family, therefore, is necessary.Using the technique of co-therapy also seemed successful here, mainly due to the fact that Napier and Whitaker, after having been together in other cases, know how to work efficiently already. They even called this co-therapy a professional marriage. Nevertheless, the need for initial assessment is again emphasized as having to share your problems with two therapists can appear to be intimidating to some families, and can stir up some hesitation.BIBLIOGRAPHY Long, P. W. (1996). Family therapy. Retrieved June 18, 2009 from http//accg.net/family_therapy.htmNapier, A. Y. & Whitaker, C. (1988). The family crucible The intense experience of family therapy. New York Harper collins Publishers.Whitaker, C. A. (1981). Symbolic-experiential family ther apy. In A. S. Gurman, & D. P. Knistern (eds.), Handbook of family therapy. New York Brunner/Mazel.

Deception in Hamlet

Theres something rotten in the state of Denmark because hypocrisy rules the day Deception, virtuoso of the main themes in Shakespe atomic number 18s play settlement, is a major f strikeor or characteristic that many, if not all of the characters portray. Throughout the play, al more or less none of the characters are true to one another, this causes loony bin and drama. Within the play, there are many examples of deception, one being in scene II of act I. In this scene Claudius gives a speech, acting as if he feels sorrow and remorse over the closing of his brother, and former king, settlement.To deceive the people, and fool them into thinking that he actually feels remorse over his brothers death, is tycoon Claudiuss goal. The truth however is king Claudius is the source of King Hamlets bereavement. In hopes that no one will suspect him of murdering his own brother, Claudius uses the fake sympathy charade. Even if King Claudius truly felt remorse or regret for the death of hi s brother, he would not have get hitched with his dead brothers wife, Queen Gertrude. Scene II of act II includes another example of deception.This scene consists of cardinal characters, all of whom deceive the traumatized and depressed Prince and main character, Hamlet. He is deceived by his love, Ophelia, his Uncle/Father, King Claudius, Ophelias father, Polonius, and most importantly his own Mother, Gertrude. Polonius concocts a plan to prove to King Claudius that Hamlets destructive mien is due to his unreciprocated love for Ophelia. This was to be carried out by Ophelia misleading Hamlet into thinking that they are alone, in the hallway in which Hamlet spends most of his time.Meanwhile Ophelia is well aware that her father, Polonius and King Claudius are hiding nearby eavesdropping on their conversation. Also, In Act I, sc. II, Claudius and Gertrude ask Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlets long time friends to speak with Hamlet and find out why has been so sepulchral . Afte r Hamlet greets them joyfully, he asks them for the reasoning foundation their visit. Rosencrantz lies in his response by saying, To visit you, my lord, no other occasion. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not the totally ones involved in this situation, makingGertrude and Claudius unfaithful to Hamlet as well because it is they who brought Hamlets friends, knowing that his friends were most presumable the only ones that would be able to get information out of Hamlet. Almost all of the characters in Hamlet are unfaithful/ deceptive. They play tricks, and lie to one another. Most of the characters are duplicitous in the palpate that they have two totally different personalities and switch back and forth, or perhaps they are one faced, and wear masks. So one side of their face is who they truly are, and the other (or the mask) is who they deceive people into believe they are.

Led Zeppelin: Musicians, Folklorists, Poets

Led Zeppelin is gener all(prenominal)y considered to take in been genius of the near influential rock bands to have existed. The band came into existence in the late sixties from Britain, following the lead of several other musical acts which led to the coining of the term British Invasion. But distant many other bands, Zeppelin was not only interested in making music, but in offering their own takes on classical stories, such as the Trojan war.Their songs all employed a variety of poetic elements, such as rhyme scheme, metaphors, and allusions, and have connections to a military issue of true poems.. This notify be seen when Led Zeppelins songs Stairway to Heaven and Achilles finish cornerstone are compared to W.H. Audens The screen out of Achilles and Lord Alfred Tennysons The lady of Shallot.Led Zeppelins Stairway to Heaven has long been considered one of the bands most famous contributions to the musical community. The song has a main story television channel about a woman who has spent her life concerned with material matters and neer giving thought to the idea that perhaps the treasures she accumulated in life would never truly harmonize her a place in Heaven.There is an allusion to the acquire of alms. The practice of buying alms was a common and favourite practice in the early days of the Catholic church and involved people paying a certain amount of money to priests to have their sins forgiven, thus leading to the songs notion that by accumulating wealthiness, salvation cogency be attained.Stairway to Heaven also has a definite regular recurrence. The song alternates from having lines that are 6 12 syllables long. The stanzas begin with lines that are either 10 to 12 syllables long and each consecutive line little by little decreases the amount of syllables that are presentAnd its whispered that soon if we all call the tune (12 syllables)Then the bagpiper lead lead us to reason. (10 syllables)And a new day will dawn for those who stand long (11 syllables)And the forests will echo with laughter. (10 syllables)Immediately, a pattern in the rhythm can be seen. The prototypal line is 12 syllables and the following line is reduced by both syllables. The third line is then one syllable less than the first line and the utmost line is the same as the second. Such apply of rhythm allows for the song to be much organized when set to music and for the poem to be more dulcet when recited, to have a more flowing and surreal tone to it.The song also involves the use of repetition. The first stanza structureds the repetition of the same phrase in lines two and five of the song, And shes buying the stairway to heaven/ ooh, ooh, and shes buying the stairway to heaven. That repetition is seen in the last couplet of the second verse with the phrase Ooh, it makes me wonder and is perennial again in the last line of fourth stanza.The poem also incorporates a sense of Arthurian legend, such as with the idea of The Lady o f Shallot by Lord Alfred Tennyson. Tennyson states that, Willows whiten, aspens quiver,/ Little breezes dusk and quivering/ thro the wave that runs for ever (10-12). Led Zeppelin changes the image slightly and states that If theres a bustle in your hedgerow, dont be afraid./ Its just a spring clean for the May queen./ Dear Lady, can you con the wind blow, and did you make out/ your stairway lies on the whispering wind. There is an allusion to everything being alive in both examples. Both incorporate an environment that is still except for the wind and largely pastoral. eve more similar is the idea of an distinguished young woman dressed in white. Led Zeppelin look ups toThere walks a lady we all knowWho shines white light and wants to showHow everything still turns to gold.And if you listen very hardthe tune will bring forth to you at last.The image is nearly identical to the Lady of Shallot described by TennysonLying, dolled up in snowy whitethat loosely flew to left and ri ght that leaves upon her falling light thro the noises of the night They comprehend her singing her last song.Both women have a sense of idealism about them that eventually leads to their great disappointment. The woman in Stairway to Heaven is soon to be disappointed by the fact that her wealth will not bring her into eternal salvation. The Lady of Shallot is only just beginning to come to terms with the fact that Lancelot does not love her and she has thrown away her life loving someone who will never have the same affection for her. Both women are approached as being virginal creatures they rupture white, there is a sense of innocence in their believing that everything is as beautiful as gold.Even more stirring is the idea that the final stanza of Stairway to Heaven refers to listeners finally being able to hear her song, eon Our Lady of Shallot is referred to as singing one final song. Both end with a sense of finality and tragedy. The women are lost because of their innocen ce and their false hope in the world and it is the final notes of their individual songs that their existences in the world are finally realized.Led Zeppelins Achilles Last Stand immortalizes one of the most famous strains of the Trojan war. In the song, Achilles speaks of leaving for the war as a means of finding great glory in his life as a warrior and achieving the last dreams he has within him, whether or not he lives or dies. W. H. Audens poem The cuticle of Achilles personifies Achilles sort and makes her seem to be a maternal figure who knows that Achilles will soon suffer an untimely finale at the hands of his enemies but is wholly ineffective to prevent the death from occurring.Audens poem has a definite danceable structure. The main verses are seven lines each, while the more choral stanzas are eight lines, making the text more melodic when read. Through the use of repetition, the idea of a song being present in the poem is obvious.Both The Shield of Achilles and Ach illes Last Stand mention a number of mythical references. The Shield of Achilles alludes to the gods Hephaestus and Thetis while Achilles Last Stand refers to atlas and Albion. The poems also refer to the same foreboding figure, a decrepit old man symbolizing Achilles death. The Shield of Achilles refers to the man as being a ragged urchin, aimless and alone while Achilles Last Stand refers to the man as to seek the man whose pointed hand/the giant step unfolds.But the tone of the two poems differ greatly. Achilles Last Stand is one of glory in battle and despite the fact that the type is aware that certain death may await him, he is willing to face his fate, regardless of the aftermathWhen they told us we should goAs I turn to youYou smiled at meHow could we say no?With all the cheer to haveto live the dreams we always hadWoa the song to singWhen we at last return again (1-8).The portion wants to be immortalized for his duty in battle, wants to fulfill his goal of being a leg endary warrior and spoken of for days after his death. The use of such positive ideas, such as when we at last return refer to a disregard for death. Even the end of the poem, when the persona finally dies, is positive, The mighty arms of Atlas/ conceal the heavens from the earth/ I know the way, know the way, know the way. There is never any submission. The persona faces death gracefully, with the mentality of a warrior.Audens poem is much different in its tone. There is an idea of the shield lamenting, beginning a premature mourning of her beloved warrior. The poem even incorporates a scene from the Holocausts assiduity camps to make the tone of the poem that much more somber, Barbed wire enclosed an arbitrary flaw/ Where bored officials lounged (one cracked a joke)/ And sentries sweated for the day was hot. The entire poem is built around the premise of death and dying, and the shield is witness to all that suffering, even though she mourns Achilles the most.Even the depiction of immortal duties are different. When The utmost Stand of Achilles refers to the mighty arms of Atlas, hold the heaven from the earth, there is a sense of male pride, of a true warrior succeeding in his duties even though he suffers slightly. The Shield of Achilles offers a more human take on such a task. Atlass duty is suddenly doled out to a number of individuals, all of whom are too weak to take on such a responsibility, The mass and stateliness of this world, all/ That carries weight and always weighs the same / Lay in the hands of others they were small.Through the use of repetition, rhythmic patterns, and thematic continuity, Led Zeppelins songs are shown to be just as poetic as musical, especially when compared to a number of poems similar in content and structure, and prove that songs are merely poems set to music. Works CitedAuden, W.H. The Shield of Achilles.Led Zeppelin. Stairway to Heaven.Led Zeppelin. Achilles Last Stand.Tennyson, Lord Alfred. The Lady of Shallot.

Cultural Considerations

Abstract In this paper, we will demonstrate the ethnical differences faced at bottom the criminal nicety system. The differences take cultural t mavens, practices, race, gender, and etc. The criminal justice system in the join States does non have an exact solution on how to proceed and embed our land with the cultures beliefs and practices performed by now citizens of the United States. Within this paper, the cultural concerns will be addressed on with possible solutions on how to involve some other cultural practices within our own western nightclub.Lastly, Affirmative Action, the handicraft Opportunity Act , and other nondiscrimination practices will be examined on how they have impacted the minority existence along with the criminal justice system. Cultures & Criminal Law There are many cultures that reside within the United States. Within these cultures come incompatible religious practices and cultural beliefs about their lives, in which some community may dis agree about. So, if we do disagree about their beliefs, does it give us the right in the United States to imply we cannot perform those practices here be yard its against our rectitudes?Actions that are il heavy here may not be illegal in the country from where the case-by-case is from, are to step aside and allow them to practice the belief anyways? The answer to both questions is No. We must not ignore both situations this will only cause involution and heartache for those involved. Criminal law with its emphasis on formal values such as legality and legal certainty faces problems when encountering social issues and social questions that relate to cultural conflicts and different perceptions of substantial principles of justice and morality (Nuotio, 2008).Due to the flexibility of criminal law, cultural issues may be interpreted into the account in sundry(a) ways, should this turn out to be necessary. Criminal law is also a cultural phenomenon itself, representing the values o f the community. occidental criminal justice is surely individualistic in many ways, as it aims at allocating blame and function to individuals for their wrongful actions. At the same time, it is the part of law through which the political community largely defines itself be deciding about issues of right and wrong.In a modern context, cultural diversity causes extra pressure on political and legal systems, al unrivaled it does in reality render modern law even more central than before, and the substantial disagreements cannot be handled otherwise. One problem that we also must consider is that, even taking cultural context into account in criminal law might itself become a denunciatory practice, a denial of recognition. This view indicates that culture is like nature in that it influences and even determines the actions of the individual, thus limiting individual responsibility on factual grounds.Culture would so be regarded as a kind of force that actually diminishes respons ibility for ones actions in declaring it conventional and customary instead of highlighting its individuality. It is therefore, crucially Copernican to think carefully about how and why culture matters. It might be that both culture and law have the potential to work towards non-recognition or misrecognition. Culture itself is not innocent in this respect. Cultural conflicts oftentimes have to do with the fact that different meanings are associated with actions and events by their various participants.The key question is then whether we must guarantee that the legal imputations always respect such cultural sensitivities. Are we generally autho produce to have our own personal world-view respected by the courts when they decide cases in which we are involved? Would other solutions mean that some aspects that are constitutive of our identity will be publicly rejected? The conflict may often between the two expressions that of the action itself, and that of its legal interpretation . Criminal law aims at replace the meaning and evaluation of the act given by the actor himself or herself, or the community, by a legal assessment of it.This might turn into a conflict of interpretation. Criminal law is a look of institutionalized denial, taking standpoints and presenting them over the heads of the individuals in question as it communicates and allocates blame. For example, (Nuotio, 2008), suggests we could, more, generally, expect to see clashes over rights at every level (freedom rights, political rights, welfare rights), and we could also presume that at least some cultural conflicts will arise in the context in which defenders of a tradition are enforcing a traditional morality that clashes with the rights of theindividual.There are incidents of honor offences concerning agonistic marriages in which the father or brothers have violently forced an unwilling bride to marry or even killed her when she has insisted on marrying someone of her own choice. It is no t rather irrelevant if a person who herself fully enjoys all the rights and protection granted to her in a modern society strives to defend a cultural practice that is not compatible with such rights? We live in an smoothing iron cage, prisoners of our legal framework which has developed over many centuries. Against the Law?Actions may be wrong, no persons. The legal imputation should never, however, appear as fully accidental and surprising. Legal imputation requires a sociological back-up. People need to visit what has happened and why the legal system intervened. The criminal law provisions defining various offences are deemed to disturb to actions in an understandable way, all of which takes place under the fundamental challenge of legitimacy and justice. Criminal laws do not speak directly about identities, as this field of law limits itself to issues concerning actions.But certain actions that are prohibited as criminally wrong might be relevant for the identity of partic ular persons. Issues related to intimate crimes produce quite strong images of inner manners and sexual identities. Such issues are being dealt with in modern criminal justice by a more fine-tuned approach than before. The protected interest is sexual autonomy, not public morals. However, while it seem reasonable to direct efforts toward recognizing cultural identity, respecting diversity to the point of justifying acts that scupper societys values seems a dubious, even dangerous, policy.It would be difficult for a society to repeat that certain acts to be tolerated and even justified solely on the butt of respecting the customs of other cultures one need only think of the conflicts resulting from the justification of domestic abuse or violence. Communitarian policies of this nature could give rise to social instability, counterproductive to the goal of crime prevention (Carnevali, 2009). Police, EEO, & Affirmative Action Cultural differences in the States will affect not only o ur laws, but the law enforcer whom enforce the laws to start.It is important for patrol to understand the cultural experiences and dynamics of the communities they serve, these concerns go further. One of the reasons for focusing on cultural and other differences is that different community can have profoundly different experiences of the same event. There is no single, monolithic truth, but rather widely varying perceptions of reality. These perceptions are influenced by a number of factors cultural background is one of them (Texas Highway Patrol Association Magazine, 2001).Along with cultural differences comes cultural laws to help protect those from discrimination from jobs, schools, disability, race, gender, and genetics. One of those laws include the Equal Employment Opportunity Act applicants to and employees of most private employers, state and local governments, educational institutions, transaction agencies and labor organizations are protected under federal law from dis crimination on the following basis race, color religion, sex, national origin disability age sex (wages) genetics and retaliation ( www. eeoc. gov.)Another law to computer address that helped many minorities especially African Americans is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is a set of procedures designed to negociate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future. Applicants may be seeking admission to an education program or looking for professional manipulation (Legal Information Institute, 2014). Within these laws no person shall be turned down or turn out-of-door due to the color of their skin, gender, religious background, and etc.These laws have provided different races to choose our country to reside in maybe because of these laws, but many people have gotten better employment, able to attend colleges, and etc. Conclusion As long as we are the United States, there will be man y different cultures and people in this country. This is what makes our country unique because we accept and enjoy people from different countries making the United States their spot for the time being or permanent. However, with opening our doors to different people, also brings their culture with them.Now are we suppose to let them do whatever they want because their past country was acceptance of the practice, No, but this also does not mean we will not try to compromise with the practice by suggesting other methods or working out a solution to assist in resolving the issue. Last but not least, our country needs to make laws to embrace other cultural beliefs by exploring other options if not acceptance by our law in this country. Until then, cultural difference, practice, or religious belief will need to be taken into court, where the courts can make decision on what is acceptable by our law.

Comparison of Clt and Tblt

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) and communicatory Language Teaching (CLT) ar both communicative approaches to language learning and teaching. TBLT has gr take out of CLT however, they manage and differ in close to advantages and disadvantages. First of al unity, both of them are among current communicative approaches. Thats why, the classes those are instructed with CLT or TBLT are student centred and teachers are facilitator. That can be seen as the good side of these approaches.On the perverse to the traditional classes, students are actively involved in learning process and this make a motions them much. Beca persona they are motivated, they learn more, and it turns to be an advantage. As it is a pedagogical fact, it is likewise true for Turkish learners. Both CLT and TBLT emphasise communication, they give the probability to talk more, as opposed to traditional methods, which is a big advantage for language learning. CLT emphasises that language should be as close a s in received life, and TBLT shares this principle.It means both put emphasis on authenticity. This is important because today many researches prove that language should be taught in real life situations or with authentic materials. As the language is a living thing, it can non be parted from real life. This is how it should be not only in Turkish condition provided everywhere in the world. However, there are some limitations in Turkish context of learning for these two communicative approaches. First of all, Turkey is a outlandish where English is not spoken officially.And, almost all of our English teachers are non-native. And this is one of the main constraints for TBLT and CLT classes. Although the teacher is a facilitator, it can be too demanding for non-native teachers to teach in such communicative classes. And also, the size of classes in Turkey is not perfectly suitable for both CLT and TBLT. Both are communicative approaches, and language activities / tasks should be c arried out in groups or in pairs. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to do it in move classes.A communicative activity or a task cannot be carried out in such too crowded classes. The teacher faces the problems dividing the class into groups or pairs and if she can achieve dividing, there comes the time limit. She cannot practice the activities in her lesson in those crowded classes On the other hand, its difficult for the teacher to walk around and monitor all the students at the time of communicative activities. Nonetheless, CLT and TBLT have some differences also.In CLT classes, although activities are real-life situations and enable learners to interact, they can be comprehend as too abstract by learners. In spite of the teachers efforts, classroom activities are not real life. Thats because Turkish learners of English cannot hear the language except for the classroom and they just pretend to be real life. On the other hand, TBLT has an advantage over CLT in this case. Task s have immediate outcome, and that can motivate the Turkish learners more.It can also be said that CLT doesnt meet the needs of the different types of learners, but again TBLT has an advantage over it, as tasks can be adapted for different learning styles or for different cultures. To practice CLT in Turkish context, the first phase should be developing a curriculum thats compatible with CLT. However, in Turkey, we generally prepare a syllabus, and then, we choose our methods or our course books. Since TBLT is more instructional, those specially designed instructional tasks can be the basis of learning situations, in Turkish context TBLT has another advantage.To sum up, I think both the two methods achieve communicative purposes and real use of language as they are important aspects in language learning & teaching. They should be combined also with other methods concerning every factor that influence teaching. Each method has its advantages as well as its limitations. A method is e ffective only when it is appropriate to the teaching context. The best thing to do is to develop ones own teaching methods based on the context of where one teaches and integrates the merits of different methodologies to fulfill their own teaching objectives.

Poetic Literature: the 10 Plagues

divinity fudge in this time period and now is a very powerful being. He has the knowledge of what is good and what is evil. Pharaoh in the rule book of Exodus tests Gods patience and power by continuing to deceive him as well as Moses, and Aaron. In this paper I plan to compare and contrast the ten plagues in the bible, Exodus 714-1236 with psalms 7844-51 and one hundred five28-36 as well as apologise how the authors of each psalm view the story of the plagues. In Exodus, it speaks about how the Pharaoh is unyielding to letting the Egyptian slaves go free so that they can worship to God.God initi entirelyy had send Moses, who was made corresponding God to the Pharaoh, and Aaron, Moses prophet, to warn Pharaoh to let Gods people go. Each and every time this request was asked of Pharaoh, he would lie about freeing his slaves, then, harden his sum and change his mind. This made God very barbarian and this is how the plagues began. The first plague started with the River Nile bein g turned into store. This was Gods initial idea of getting Pharaoh to do what he wants and by removing the source of water would surely get his attention.However, that was non the case and the Pharaohs heart hardened. This pattern between God, Moses, Aaron, and the Pharaoh continued throughout nine more plagues after the first. The plagues that occurred after the Nile River turning into blood were frogs, gnats, flies, livestock/pestilence, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and finally the death of the first innate(p) of every living being and animal in Egypt. The final plague is what we now know as Passover. I noticed in the first psalm account of the ten plagues (Ps. 7844-51), unaccompanied seven of the ten plagues were mentioned.It started with turning the river into blood, followed by a stream of flies, frogs, then locusts, hail, the killing of livestock, and finally the killing of the firstborn of every human and animal of Egypt. This psalm only has eight stanzas and if you no tice the plagues are not in the same order as the ones in the book of Exodus. Instead of using the words gnats (used in Exodus) that word is replaced with caterpillars. The plagues of boils and darkness were not used in this Psalm also. Psalms 7844-51 is of a Yahwistic narrative. God seems like a parental figure so to speak.It seems like it is just punishment because of the Pharaohs ignorance and his followers obliviousness. Like parents with children if one child messes up, the other siblings run for to feel part of the punishment as well and this is what I feel happened to the people of Egypt. The Yahwist tradition essentially explains the relationship between God and man and to present sin and how man should be like God. Also, there is a level of communication that shows the relationship between human beings and God a level of conversancy and relationship growth.In the second account of the plagues in Psalm 10528-36, this too is not in the same order as the ones in Exodus. It starts off with God sending darkness over the overturn then turning the river into blood, followed by a swarm of frogs, flies, gnats, hail, livestock, locusts, and again ending with the killing of the first born of every human and animal in Egypt. This Psalm has nine stanzas and this time boils was the only plague not used. To compare to the plagues in Exodus there is one way communication to show that God is all powerful and we are to never think that we are greater than him.For example, In Ex. 76, God directs Moses and Aaron to slang a message to the Pharaoh and they did just as the Lord asked. Psalms 10528-36 is written in a priestly fashion. The priestly narrative speaks on how angry God was and says that he did not spare anyones lives and left them all in the hands of the plague and the company of the destroying angels. It makes it seem like God in this psalm is mean with no remorse for anyone monster like. To conclude, I feel that historical accuracy is equally important to ancient writers as well as the readers who choose to read their script.In the case of the plagues and the 2 psalm accounts relating to them, I think the reason why Ex. 714-1236 and the two Ps. 7844-51 and 10528-36, are not in agreement in terms of order and number is because they were written by two authors with different views. I think that creating different versions of the same story is not a study problem for the biblical editors because it is nice to read a story and have the opportunity to see it in two different perspectives so that you can draw your own conclusion.

Retrofitting Suburbia How to turn undefined, unstructured places into Dissertation

Retrofitting suburb How to turn undefined, unstructured places into legible, coherent, accessible spaces and the effects - Dissertation ExampleThese areas have a pragmatic and aflame signifi ratce for every citizen (Lynch, 1960). Legibility can be defined as the facility with which symbols can be interpreted. Legibility is effectively the facility with which souls comprehend the perspective of a location. In composing questionnaire surveys, Lynch delineated a format of interpreting legibility based on five components. These components are acknowledge as Thoroughfares, borders. Districts, Landmarks and Hubs. These were delineated as follows Thoroughfares Thoroughfares are venues of travel which are familiar to the citizenry. These are the venues by which the individuals regularly, occasionally or possibly transport themselves. Examples of thoroughfares are pathways, transit routes and railroad modes of transport. The consistency of the thoroughfare is dependent upon its dimensio ns, its inclination and the occupations which expire upon it (Lynch, 1960). Borders Borders can be defined as the limits which are formed from one part of the city to another. Borders can be characterized as coastlines, natural and man made geographical socio economic and political limitations. The consistency of the borders in a municipal environment is reliant upon the man made or geographical parameters of the limits which are appoint to a municipality (Lynch, 1960). Districts Districts are characterized by the distinction in geographical location, the architecture of which they are composed, the socio economic, geographical and political characteristics by which they are formed and the occupations which take place within them. The consistency of a district is reliant upon its population, its geographical location, the socio economic and the aspects of the citizenry which occupy it. Examples of districts are commercial areas, historical areas which are reserved for inexpert pu rposes such as parks, commercial and cultural areas of activity within a municipality (Lynch, 1960). Landmarks Landmarks are geographical points of recognition which are mutually recognized by the individuals in a city as being frames of references. A landmark may be a natural characteristic of the city, a location of historical richness represented by a commemorative aspect or a construction which is outstanding in its characteristic which is outstanding in its environment. Examples of landmarks may be hills, historical monument, facilities in the municipality which are mutually recognized among the other buildings and geographical aspects of the environment (Lynch, 1960). Hubs Hubs are recognized as being the centers of activity in a municipality. There are characterized by the activities which occur within the. A municipality may be characterized as a hub if it has connections with other municipalities in the area by means of commerce, socio political activity, population densi ty, cultural and transport characteristics of interconnection with other areas (Lynch, 1960). The Formation of Mental Maps An individuals perception of their surrounding is defined as rational map. A mental map is the individuals paradigm of their recognized surroundings. Mental maps can be researched by requesting direction to a landmark, path, edge or hub. They can also be characterized by an individual

Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Customer Service - look for ExampleHaving being ranked position one by business week magazines on work on 2, 2009 on guest satisfaction that saw its sales surge by 18%, amazon customer service representative has to cut personal stress. They have experience working under pressure in a high-volume processing conditions while maintaining standards of consistency in both quality and productivity. Being able to manage stress is essential here since it helps deliver tactics, strategies and techniques to handle personal stress and burnout. It aids while relations with pressures, frustrations and stress associated with work thus reducing the likelihood of burnout.To relieve stress, the customer service representatives should think positively b avoiding over analyzing what customers and coworkers say as this may distort their perception. Developing new skills through study and working on communication skills as well as confronting a difficult customer or situation is important. Learning relaxation styles that are deep breathing, meditation, taking break and involvement in body fluid helps in relieving stress.What to accomplish based on experience is to check the credibility of the claim and bring to gloss to the customer the terms and conditions under which the company operates. It would help the client see whether the crutches would be refunded, repaired or exchange for new ones.On my opinion since the guarantee period was over, the customer should be pay for new crutches. loser to keep the receipt should also prevent even the replacement of the crutches if it were to be